What does the prefix 'ecto-' refer to in medical terminology?

The prefix 'ecto-' indicates 'outside' or 'not' in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from the Greek word 'ektos,' which means 'outside.' In various medical contexts, 'ecto-' is used to describe structures or conditions that are situated externally or away from a central point. For example, 'ectopic' refers to something occurring in an abnormal position, typically used with reference to organs or tissues that are located outside their normal anatomical location. This understanding of 'ecto-' is essential when interpreting medical terms related to external processes or locations in the body.