What is the medical term for a protrusion of spinal fluid and meninges through a defect in the spinal column?

The medical term for a protrusion of spinal fluid and meninges through a defect in the spinal column is "Meningocele." This condition occurs when there is an abnormality during the development of the spine, leading to a herniation where the protective layers covering the spinal cord, along with cerebrospinal fluid, bulge out through an opening. This condition is a type of spina bifida and can lead to various neurological issues depending on its severity and location.

The other terms listed do not pertain to this specific condition. "Myasthenia" refers to muscle weakness and specifically relates to myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular transmission. "Adenosis" involves the abnormal proliferation of glandular tissue and is not related to spinal anomalies. "Dynia" typically refers to pain and is often used as a suffix in medical terminology, but it does not denote any condition involving spinal fluid or meninges. Thus, Meningocele is the only option that directly describes the herniation of spinal fluid and meninges through the spinal column.