What term describes a position that is external, or toward the body surface?

The term that describes a position that is external or toward the body surface is "superficial." In anatomical terminology, superficial refers to structures that are located closer to the outer surface of the body, as opposed to deeper structures that are situated away from the surface. For example, when considering a wound, if it only affects the outer layer of skin, it would be described as superficial.

In anatomy, this contrasts with the term "deep," which refers to structures that are further away from the body surface. "Proximal" and "distal" are terms that describe locations relative to a point of reference, typically the trunk of the body. Proximal indicates being closer to the point of attachment or origin, while distal indicates being further away. Understanding these terms is essential in medical contexts, especially when discussing injuries, surgical procedures, or anatomical relationships.